Europäische Union

2005/614/EG: Beschluss des Rates vom 18. Juli 2005 über den Beitritt der Gemeinschaft zu zwei Regelungen der Wirtschaftskommission der Vereinten Nationen für Europa: Regelung Nr. 94 über Bedingungen für die Genehmigung der Fahrzeuge hinsichtlich des Schutzes der Insassen bei einem Frontaufprall und Regelung Nr. 95 über Bedingungen für die Genehmigung der Fahrzeuge hinsichtlich des Schutzes der Insassen bei einem Seitenaufprall (Text von Bedeutung für den EWR)

Amtliche Ursprungsfassung

Quellenkennung: 32005D0614. Spätere Änderungen sind nicht automatisch in dieser Fassung enthalten.

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ure is secured to the trolley by the fastenings of the suspension system. 1.3.4. The angle between the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the direction of motion of the trolley shall be 0° ± 2°. 1.4 Dummies The dummies and their positioning shall conform to the specifications in Annex 3, paragraph 2. 1.5. Measuring apparatus 1.5.1. Deceleration of the structure The position of the transducers measuring the deceleration of the structure during the impact shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trolley according to the specifications of Annex 8 (CFC 180). 1.5.2. Measurements to be made on the dummies All the measurements necessary for checking the listed criteria are set out in Annex 3, paragraph 5. 1.6. Deceleration curve of the structure The deceleration curve of the structure during the impact phase shall be such that the ‘variation of speed in relation to time’ curve obtained by integration at no point differs by more than ± 1 m/s from the ‘variation of speed in relation to time’ reference curve of the vehicle concerned as defined in the Appendix to this Annex. A displacement with regard to the time axis of the reference curve may be used to obtain the structure velocity inside the corridor. 1.7. Reference curve V = f(t) of the vehicle concerned This reference curve is obtained by integration of the deceleration curve of the vehicle concerned measured in the frontal collision test against a barrier as provided for in paragraph 6 of Annex 3 to this Regulation. 1.8. Equivalent method The test may be performed by some other method than that of deceleration of a trolley, provided that such method complies with the requirement concerning the range of variation of speed described in paragraph 1.6. Appendix Equivalence curve – tolerance band for curve ΔV = f(t) m/s SPEED VARIATION (ΔV) TIME (t) s Reference curve Vehicle against barrier +1 m/s ANNEX 8 Technique of measurement in measurement tests: instrumentation 1. DEFINITIONS 1.1. Data channel A data channel comprises all the instrumentation from a transducer (or multiple transducers whose outputs are combined in some specified way) up to and including any analysis procedures that may alter the frequency content or the amplitude content of data. 1.2. Transducer The first device in a data channel used to convert a physical quantity to be measured into a second quantity (such as an electrical voltage) which can be processed by the remainder of the channel. 1.3. Channel amplitude class: CAC The designation for a data channel that meets certain amplitude characteristics as specified in this Annex. The CAC number is numerically equal to the upper limit of the measurement range. 1.4. Characteristic frequencies FH, FL, FN These frequencies are defined in Figure 1. 1.5. Channels frequency class: CFC The channel frequency class is designated by a number indicating that the channel frequency response lies within the limits specified in Figure 1. This number and the value of the frequency FH in Hz are numerically equal. 1.6. Sensitivity coefficient The slope of the straight line representing the best fit to the calibration values determined by the method of least square within the channel amplitude class. 1.7. Calibration factor of a data channel The mean value of the sensitivity coefficients evaluated over frequencies which are evenly spaced on a logarithmic scale between FL and FH/2.5 1.8. Linearity error The ratio, in %, of the maximum difference between the calibration value and the corresponding value read on the straight line defined in paragraph 1.6 at the upper limit of the channel amplitude class. 1.9. Cross sensitivity The ratio of the output signal to the input signal, when an excitation is applied to the transducer perpendicular to the measurement axis. It is expressed as a percentage of the sensitivity along the measurement axis. 1.10. Phase delay time The phase delay time of a data channel is equal to the phase delay (in radians) of a sinusoidal signal, divided by the angular frequency of that signal (in radians/second). 1.11. Environment The aggregate, at a given moment, of all external conditions and influences to which the data channel is subjected. 2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 2.1. Linearity error The absolute value of the linearity error of a data channel at any frequency in the CFC, shall be equal to or less than 2.5 % of the value of the CAC, over the whole measurement range. 2.2. Amplitude against frequency The frequency response of a data channel shall lie within the limiting curves given in Figure 1. The zero dB line is determined by the calibration factor. 2.3. Phase delay time The phase delay time between the input and the output signals of a data channel shall be determined and shall not vary by more than 1/10 FH seconds between 0,03 FH and FH. 2.4. Time 2.4.1. Time base A time base shall be recorded and shall at least give 1/100 s with an accuracy of 1 %. 2.4.2. Relative time delay The relative time delay between the signal of two or more data channels, regardless of their frequency class, must not exceed 1 ms excluding delay caused by phase shift. Two or more data channels of which the signals are combined shall have the same frequency class and shall not have relative time delay greater than 1/10 FH seconds. This requirement applies to analogue signals as well as to synchronisation pulses and digital signals. 2.5. Transducer cross sensitivity The transducer cross sensitivity shall be less than 5 % in any direction. 2.6. Calibration 2.6.1. General A data channel shall be calibrated at least once a year against reference equipment traceable to known standards. The methods used to carry out a comparison with reference equipment shall not introduce an error greater than 1 % of the CAC. The use of the reference equipment is limited to the frequency range for which they have been calibrated. Subsystems of a data channel may be evaluated individually and the results factored into the accuracy of the total data channel. This can be done for example by an electrical signal of known amplitude simulating the output signal of the transducer which allows a check to be made on the gain factor of the data channel, excluding the transducer. 2.6.2. Accuracy of reference equipment for calibration The accuracy of the reference equipment shall be certified or endorsed by an official metrology service. 2.6.2.1. Static calibration 2.6.2.1.1. Accelerations The errors shall be less than ± 1,5 % of the channel amplitude class. 2.6.2.1.2. Forces The error shall be less than ± 1 % of the channel amplitude class. 2.6.2.1.3. Displacements The error shall be less than ± 1 % of the channel amplitude class. 2.6.2.2. Dynamic calibration 2.6.2.2.1. Accelerations The error in the reference accelerations expressed as a percentage of the channel amplitude class shall be less than ± 1,5 % below 400 Hz, less than ± 2 % between 400 Hz and 900 Hz, and less than ± 2,5 % above 900 Hz. 2.6.2.3. Time The relative error in the reference time shall be less than 10-5. 2.6.3. Sensitivity coefficient and linearity error The sensitivity coefficient and the linearity error shall be determined by measuring the output signal of the data channel against a known input signal for various values of this signal. The calibration of the data channel shall cover the whole range of the amplitude class. For bi-directional channels, both the positive and negative values shall be used. If the calibration equipment cannot produce the required input owing to the excessively high values of the quantity to be measured, calibrations shall be carried out within the limits of the calibration standards and these limits shall be recorded in the test report. A total data channel shall be calibrated at a frequency or at a spectrum of frequencies having a significant value between FL and (FH/2,5). 2.6.4. Calibration of the frequency response The response curves of phase and amplitude against frequency shall be determined by measuring the output signals of the data channel in terms of phase and amplitude against a known input signal, for various values of this signal varying between FL and 10 times the CFC or 3 000 Hz, whichever is lower. 2.7. Environmental effects A regular check shall be made to identify any environmental influence (such as electric or magnetic flux, cable velocity, etc.). This can be done for instance by recording the output of spare channels equipped with dummy transducers. If significant output signals are obtained corrective action shall be taken, for instance by replacement of cables. 2.8. Choice and designation of the data channel The CAC and CFC define a data channel. The CAC shall be 1, 2 or 5 to a power of 10. 3. MOUNTING OF TRANSDUCERS Transducers should be rigidly secured so that their recordings are affected by vibration as little as possible. Any mounting having a lowest resonance frequency equal to at least 5 times the frequency FH of the data channel considered shall be considered valid. Acceleration transducers in particular should be mounted in such a way that the initial angle of the real measurement axis to the corresponding axis of the reference axis system is not greater than 5° unless an analytical or experimental assessment of the effect of the mounting on the collected data is made. When multi-axial accelerations at a point are to be measured, each acceleration transducer axis should pass within 10 mm of that point, and the centre of seismic mass of each accelerometer should be within 30 mm of that point. 4. RECORDING 4.1. Analogue magnetic recorder Tape speed should be stable to within not more than 0,5 % of the tape speed used. The signal-to-noise ratio of the recorder should not be less than 42 dB at the maximum tape speed. The total harmonic distortion should be less than 3 % and the linearity error should be less than 1 % of the measurement range. 4.2. Digital magnetic recorder Tape speed should be stable to within not more than 10 % of the tape speed used. 4.3. Paper tape recorder In case of direct data recording the paper speed in mm/s should be at least 1,5 times the number expressing FH in Hz. In other cases the paper speed should be such that equivalent resolution is obtained. 5. DATA PROCESSING 5.1. Filtering Filtering corresponding to the frequencies of the data channel class may be carried out during either recording or processing of data. However, before recording, analogical filtering at a higher level than CFC should be effected in order to use at least 50 % of the dynamic range of the recorder and to reduce the risk of high frequencies saturating the recorder or causing aliasing errors in the digitalising process. 5.2. Digitalising 5.2.1. Sampling frequency The sampling frequency should be equal to at least 8 FH. In the case of analogical recording, when the recording and reading speeds are different, the sampling frequency can be divided by the speed ratio. 5.2.2. Amplitude resolution The size of digital words should be at least 7 bits and a parity bit. 6. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS The results should be presented on A4 size paper (ISO/R 216). Results presented as diagrams should have axes scaled with a measurement unit corresponding to a suitable multiple of the chosen unit (for example, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 millimetres). SI units shall be used, except for vehicle velocity, where km/h may be used, and for accelerations due to impact where g, with g = 9,81 m/s2, may be used. dB Sensitivity coefficient calibration factor 20 log10 FL FH FN frequency H2 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 CFC 1,000 600 180 60 FL HZ ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.1 FH HZ 1,000 600 180 60 FN HZ 1,650 1,000 300 100 N Logarithmic scale a ± 0.5 dB b + 0.5; -1 dB c + 0.5; -4 dB d - 9 dB/octave e - 24 dB/octave f ∞ g - 30 ANNEX 9 Definition of deformable barrier 1. COMPONENT AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS The dimensions of the barrier are illustrated in Figure 1 of this Annex. The dimensions of the individual components of the barrier are listed separately below. 1.1. Main honeycomb block Dimensions: height : 650 mm (in direction of honeycomb ribbon axis), width : 1 000 mm, depth : 450 mm (in direction of honeycomb cell axes), all above dimensions should allow a tolerance of ± 2,5 mm, material : Aluminium 3003 (ISO 209, Part 1), foil thickness : 0,076 mm ± 15 %, cell size : 19,1 mm ± 20 %, density : 28,6 kg/m3 ± 20 %, crush strength : 0,342 MPa +0 % -10 % (11). 1.2. Bumper element Dimensions: height : 330 mm (in direction of honeycomb ribbon axis), width : 1 000 mm, depth : 90 mm (in direction of honeycomb cell axes), all above dimensions should allow a tolerance of ± 2,5 mm, material : Aluminium 3003 (ISO 209, Part 1), foil thickness : 0,076 mm ± 15 %, cell size : 6,4 mm ± 20 %, density : 82,6 kg/m3 ± 20 %, crush strength : 1,711 MPa +0 % -10 % (11). 1.3. Backing sheet Dimensions: height : 800 mm ± 2,5 mm, width : 1 000 mm ± 2,5 mm, depth : 2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm. 1.4. Cladding sheet Dimensions: length : 1 700 mm ± 2,5 mm, width : 1 000 mm ± 2,5 mm, thickness : 0,81 ± 0,07 mm, material : Aluminium 5251/5052 (ISO 209, Part 1). 1.5. Bumper facing sheet Dimensions: height : 330 mm ± 2,5 mm, width : 1 000 mm ± 2,5 mm, thickness : 0,81 ± 0,07 mm, material : Aluminium 5251/5052 (ISO 209, Part 1). Adhesive: the adhesive to be used throughout should be a two-part polyurethane (such as Ciba-Geigy XB5090/1 resin with XB5304 hardener, or equivalent). 2. ALUMINIUM HONEYCOMB CERTIFICATION A complete testing procedure for certification of aluminium honeycomb is given in NHTSA TP-214D. The following is a summary of the procedure that should be applied to materials for the frontal impact barrier, these materials having a crush strength of 0,342 MPa and 1,711 MPa respectively. 2.1. Sample locations To ensure uniformity of crush strength across the whole of the barrier face, eight samples shall be taken from four locations evenly spaced across the honeycomb block. For a block to pass certification, seven of these eight samples shall meet the crush strength requirements of the following sections. The location of the samples depends on the size of the honeycomb block. First, four samples, each measuring 300 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm thick shall be cut from the block of barrier face material. Please refer to Figure 2 for an illustration of how to locate these sections within the honeycomb block. Each of these larger samples shall be cut into samples for certification testing (150 mm x 150 mm x 50 mm). Certification shall be based on the testing of two samples from each of these four locations. The other two should be made available to the applicant, upon request. 2.2. Sample size Samples of the following size shall be used for testing: length : 150 mm ± 6 mm, width : 150 mm ± 6 mm, thickness : 50 mm ± 2 mm. The walls of incomplete cells around the edge of the sample shall be trimmed as follows: — in the ‘W’ direction, the fringes shall be no greater than 1,8 mm (see Figure 3); — In the ‘L’ direction, half the length of one bonded cell wall (in the ribbon direction) shall be left at either end of the specimen (see Figure 3). 2.3. Area measurement The length of the sample shall be measured in three locations, 12,7 mm from each end and in the middle, and recorded as L1, L2 and L3 (Figure 3). In the same manner, the width shall be measured and recorded as W1, W2 and W3 (Figure 3). These measurements shall be taken on the centreline of the thickness. The crush area shall then be calculated as: Text von Bild A = (L1 + L2 + L3) 3 x (W1 + W2 + W3) 3 2.4. Crush rate and distance The sample shall be crushed at a rate of not less than 5,1 mm/min and not more than 7,6 mm/min. The minimum crush distance shall be 16,5 mm. 2.5. Data collection Force versus deflection data are to be collected in either analogue or digital form for each sample tested. If analogue data are collected then a means of converting this to digital shall be available. All digital data shall be collected at a rate of not less than 5 Hz (5 points per second). 2.6. Crush strength determination Ignore all data prior to 6,4 mm of crush and after 16,5 mm of crush. Divide the remaining data into three sections or displacement intervals (n = 1, 2, 3) (see Figure 4) as follows: (1) 06,4 mm – 09,7 mm inclusive, (2) 09,7 mm – 13,2 mm exclusive, (3) 13,2 mm – 16,5 mm inclusive. Find the average for each section as follows: Text von Bild F(n) = (F(n)1 + F(n)2 + ... + F(n)m) m; m = 1, 2, 3 where m represents the number of data points measured in each of the three intervals. Calculate the crush strength of each section as follows: Text von Bild S(n) = F(n) A; n = 1, 2, 3 2.7. Sample crush strength specification For a honeycomb sample to pass this certification, the following conditions shall be met: 0,308 MPa ≤ S(n) ≤ 0,342 MPa for 0,342 MPa material, 1,540 MPa ≤ S(n) ≤ 1,711 MPa for 1,711 MPa material, n = 1, 2, 3. 2.8. Block crush strength specification Eight samples are to be tested from four locations, evenly spaced across the block. For a block to pass certification, seven of the eight samples shall meet the crush strength specification of the previous section. 3. ADHESIVE BONDING PROCEDURE 3.1. Immediately before bonding, aluminium sheet surfaces to be bonded shall be thoroughly cleaned using a suitable solvent, such as 1-1-1 Trichloroethane. This is to be carried out at least twice or as required to eliminate grease or dirt deposits. The cleaned surfaces shall then be abraded using 120 grit abrasive paper. Metallic/silicon carbide abrasive paper is not to be used. The surfaces shall be thoroughly abraded and the abrasive paper changed regularly during the process to avoid clogging, which may lead to a polishing effect. Following abrading, the surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned again, as above. In total, the surfaces shall be solvent cleaned at least four times. All dust and deposits left as a result of the abrading process shall be removed, as these will adversely affect bonding. 3.2. The adhesive should be applied to one surface only, using a ribbed rubber roller. In cases where honeycomb is to be bonded to aluminium sheet, the adhesive should be applied to the aluminium sheet only. A maximum of 0,5 kg/m2 shall be applied evenly over the surface, giving a maximum film thickness of 0,5 mm. 4. CONSTRUCTION 4.1. The main honeycomb block shall be bonded to the backing sheet with adhesive such that the cell axes are perpendicular to the sheet. The cladding shall be bonded to the front surface of the honeycomb block. The top and bottom surfaces of the cladding sheet shall not be bonded to the main honeycomb block but should be positioned closely to it. The cladding sheet shall be adhesively bonded to the backing sheet at the mounting flanges. 4.2. The bumper element shall be adhesively bonded to the front of the cladding sheet such that the cell axes are perpendicular to the sheet. The bottom of the bumper element shall be flush with the bottom surface of the cladding sheet. The bumper facing sheet shall be adhesively bonded to the front of the bumper element. 4.3. The bumper element shall then be divided into three equal sections by means of two horizontal slots. These slots shall be cut through the entire depth of the bumper section and extend the whole width of the bumper. The slots shall be cut using a saw; their width shall be the width of the blade used and shall not exceed 4,0 mm. 4.4. Clearance holes for mounting the barrier are to be drilled in the mounting flanges (shown in Figure 5). The holes shall be of 9,5 mm diameter. Five holes shall be drilled in the top flange at a distance of 40 mm from the top edge of the flange and five in the bottom flange, 40 mm from the bottom edge of that flange. The holes shall be at 100 mm, 300 mm, 500 mm, 700 mm, 900 mm from either edge of the barrier. All holes shall be drilled to ± 1 mm of the nominal distances. These hole locations are a recommendation only. Alternative positions may be used which offer at least the mounting strength and security provided by the above mounting specifications. 5. MOUNTING 5.1. The deformable barrier shall be rigidly fixed to the edge of a mass of not less than 7 x 104 kg or to some structure attached thereto. The attachment of the barrier face shall be such that the vehicle shall not contact any part of the structure more than 75 mm from the top surface of the barrier (excluding the upper flange) during any stage of the impact (12). The front face of the surface to which the deformable barrier is attached shall be flat and continuous over the height and width of the face and shall be vertical ± 1° and perpendicular ± 1° to the axis of the run-up track. The attachment surface shall not be displaced by more than 10 mm during the test. If necessary, additional anchorage or arresting devices shall be used to prevent displacement of the concrete block. The edge of the deformable barrier shall be aligned with the edge of the concrete block appropriate for the side of the vehicle to be tested. 5.2. The deformable barrier shall be fixed to the concrete block by means of 10 bolts, five in the top mounting flange and five in the bottom. These bolts shall be of at least 8 mm diameter. Steel clamping strips shall be used for both the top and bottom mounting flanges (see Figures 1 and 5). These strips shall be 60 mm high and 1 000 mm wide and have a thickness of at least 3 mm. The edges of the clamping strips should be rounded-off to prevent tearing of the barrier against the strip during impact. The edge of the strip should be located no more than 5 mm above the base of the upper barrier mounting flange, or 5 mm below the top of the lower barrier-mounting flange. Five clearance holes of 9,5 mm diameter must be drilled in both strips to correspond with those in the mounting flange on the barrier (see paragraph 4). The mounting strip and barrier flange holes may be widened from 9,5 mm up to a maximum of 25 mm in order to accommodate differences in back-plate arrangements and/or load cell wall hole configurations. None of the fixtures shall fail in the impact test. In the case where the deformable barrier is mounted on a load cell wall (LCW) it should be noted that the above dimensional requirements for mountings are intended as a minimum. Where a LCW is present, the mounting strips may be extended to accommodate higher mounting holes for the bolts. If the strips are required to be extended, then thicker gauge steel should be used accordingly, such that the barrier does not pull away from the wall, bend or tear during the impact. If an alternative method of mounting the barrier is used, it should be at least as secure as that specified in the above paragraphs. 75 backing sheet 75 450 steel strip mounting flange 50 psi cladding sheet slots in bumper bumper facing sheet 90 250 psi 110 110 110 650 200 Ground Barrier width = 1 000 mm. All dimensions in mm. (Replace the value of ‘50 psi’ by ‘0,342 MPa’, and the value of ‘250 psi’ by ‘1,711 MPa’) 300 mm * 300 mm square if a ≥ 900 mm: x = 1/3 (b-600mm) and y = 1/3 (a-600mm) (for a ≤ b) 300 mm * 300 mm square if a < 900 mm: x = 1/5 (b-1200mm) and y = 1/2 (a-300mm) (for a ≤ b) e = d/2 f = 0,8 mm Force 0 6,4 9,7 13,2 16,5 Displacement Ignore Section 1 F(1) Section 2 F(2) Section 3 F(3) Ignore 720 365 800 60 100 300 500 700 900 1 000 Hole diameters 9,5 mm. All dimensions in mm. ANNEX 10 Certification of procedure for the dummy lowe