2006/444/EG: Beschluss des Rates vom 13. März 2006 über den Beitritt der Gemeinschaft zu Regelung Nr. 55 der Wirtschaftskommission der Vereinten Nationen für Europa über einheitliche Bedingungen für die Genehmigung mechanischer Verbindungsteile von Fahrzeugkombinationen (Text von Bedeutung für den EWR)

Durchsuchbarer Text in vereinfachter Darstellung. Tabellen, Abbildungen und verbindliche Gestaltung bitte anhand der Originaldateien prüfen.

ven in paragraph 7.9. Steering wedges shall satisfy the requirements listed in paragraph 7.8. 7.1. Suitable fifth wheel coupling pins Class G50 fifth wheel couplings shall be designed so that they can be used with Class H50 coupling pins and, together, provide the specified characteristics. 7.2. Guides Fifth wheel couplings shall be equipped with a guide which ensures safe and correct engagement of the coupling pin. The entry width of the guide for standard 50 mm diameter fifth wheel couplings shall be at least 350 mm (see Figure 16). For small, non-standard, fifth wheel couplings of Class G50-X and having a maximum “D” value of 25 kN, the entry width shall be at least 250 mm. Figure 16 Dimensions of standard fifth wheel couplings (see Table 11) Text von Bild Section A - A |Enlarged part with coupling pin| 52+2 -1 2°±0.5° 25 max. Locking aw 1x45° Chanfor on Jaw K1 R30 max. 321 H 460 max. minimum ± 12° 360 min.2| A Z 90° 200 1| |1 A 40°max. 360 min.2| A B 360 min. 200 max. Z 40°+1- 2| 350 min.2| 510 695 880 960 max. 12×O 23±2 × 17+24| Ø 4,0 M A Ø 1,0 M B O Γ3| 12×ø17+24| Ø1,0 M 406 Bearing surface for steering wedge - - 10 A - - 10 B Notes 1. To provide for the use of steering wedges, measure the reference dimension k = 137 ± 3 mm at 32 mm below the top surface and at a distance of 200 mm from the transverse centre line of the coupling. 2. The 40° + 1°/-0°E throat angle must be maintained over a distance of 360 mm minimum from the transverse centre line of the coupling. The entry width of 350 mm minimum may be obtained outside this distance by increasing the entry angle up to an included angle of 120° maximum as shown in dotted line. 3. Elongated mounting holes 23 ± 2 mm × 17 + 2/-0 mm or round mounting holes Diameter 17 + 2/-0 mm could be used. 4. When using elongated holes or holes > 18 mm diameter, washers 40 mm diameter, 6 mm thick, or means of equal strength, e.g. flat steel plate, are to be used. Figure 16a Mounting holes tolerances for class J mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings (see para. 9.1. of this annex) Text von Bild 406 - - 10 B Longitudinal axis of towing vehicle Coupling pin B A 12xø17+2 Ø1,0 M 510 695 880 - - 10 A Table 11 Dimensions of standard fifth wheel couplings (mm) (see Figure 16) Class G50-1 G50-2 G50-3 G50-4 G50-5 G50-6 H 140-159 160-179 180199 200-219 220-239 240-260 7.3. Minimum articulation of the fifth wheel coupling With the coupling pin engaged, without the fifth wheel coupling being attached to a vehicle or mounting plate, but taking into account the effect of the mounting bolts, the coupling shall permit, simultaneously, the following minimum values of articulation of the coupling pin: 7.3.1. ±90o about the vertical axis (not applicable to fifth wheel couplings with positive steering); 7.3.2. ±12o about the horizontal axis transverse to the direction of travel. This angle does not necessarily cover off-road use. 7.3.3. Axial rotation about the longitudinal axis of up to ±3o is permitted. However, on a fully oscillating fifth wheel coupling, this angle may be exceeded, providing that the locking mechanism enables the restriction of the rotation to ±3o maximum. 7.4. Locking devices to prevent uncoupling of fifth wheel couplings The fifth wheel coupling shall be locked in the coupled position by two positive mechanical locking devices each of which shall remain effective should the other fail. The primary locking device shall operate automatically but the secondary locking device may either be automatic or be engaged manually. The secondary locking device may be designed to work in conjunction with the primary device and provide an additional positive mechanical lock for the primary device. It shall only be possible to engage the secondary locking device if the primary device is properly engaged. It shall not be possible for the locking devices to be released inadvertently. Release shall require intentional action by the driver or operator of the vehicle. The closed and locked position of the coupling shall be indicated visually by a mechanical device and it shall be possible to verify the position of the indicator by feel, for example, to allow the position to be checked during darkness. The indication device shall indicate the engagement of both primary and secondary locking devices, however, it is sufficient for the engagement of only one device to be indicated if, in this case, the engagement of the other device is a simultaneous and inherent feature of the design. 7.5. Operating devices or release mechanisms In the closed position the operating devices or release mechanisms shall be prevented from being operated inadvertently or accidentally. The locking system shall be such as to require positive, conscious action to release the locking device in order to operate coupling release mechanism. 7.6. Surface finish The surfaces of the coupling plate and coupling lock shall be functionally satisfactory and be carefully machined, forged, cast or pressed. 7.7. Load requirements All fifth wheel couplings shall be able to satisfy the tests described in annex 6, paragraph 4.7. 7.8. Steering wedges 7.8.1. The dimensions of steering wedges for the positive steering of semitrailers shall be as in Figure 17. Figure 17 Dimensions of spring-mounted steering wedges Text von Bild 60+0 -5 1/ 60±20 Section AA 45°1/ 198+0 -2 uncoupled 218 max coupled 110+10 -0 2/ 40°+0 -0,5 50 Min1/ A R8+2 -0 144±0,5 A 18 2°+0,5 -0 Notes: 1. Only applicable to steering wedges over 60 mm thick. 2. This dimension only refers to the functional surface: the steering wedge itself can be longer. 7.8.2. The steering wedge shall allow safe and correct coupling and shall be spring-mounted. The strength of the spring shall be selected so that it is possible to couple an unloaded semitrailer and so that, with the semitrailer fully loaded the steering wedge is firmly in contact with the flanks of the coupling during use. Uncoupling of the fifth wheel shall be possible with the semitrailer both loaded and unloaded. 7.9. Special requirements for standard fifth wheel couplings: 7.9.1. the dimensions shall be as shown in Figure 16 and Table 11. 7.9.2. they shall be suitable for, and tested for, a D value of 150 kN and a U value of 20 tonnes. 7.9.3. release shall be possible by a hand lever mounted directly on the coupling. 7.9.4. they shall be suitable for the positive steering of semitrailers by means of steering wedges — see paragraph 7.8. 8. FIFTH WHEEL COUPLING PINS 8.1. Fifth wheel coupling pins of Class H50 (ISO 337) shall have the dimensions shown in Figure 18 Figure 18 Dimensions of Class H50 fifth wheel coupling pins Text von Bild 84+0 -1,5 70+1,5 -0 30+0 -1,5 ø73 ± 0,1 ø50,8 ± 0,1 0° to 6° R3+0,5 -0 0° to 6° R2+2 -1 ø71,5 ± 0,4 *** correct the dimension "30 +0/-1.5" to read "35 +0/1.5" *** 8.2. The coupling pins shall be able to satisfy the tests described in annex 6, paragraph 3.9. 9. MOUNTING PLATES 9.1. Class J mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings shall have circular mounting holes positioned as shown in Figure 16a if they are intended for standard fifth wheel couplings. However, the mounting holes shall be 17 mm + 2,0 mm/-0,0 mm diameter. The holes shall be circular, NOT slotted (see Figure 16a). 9.2. Mounting plates for standard fifth wheel couplings shall be suitable for the positive steering of semitrailers (with steering wedges). Mounting plates for non-standard fifth wheel couplings which are unsuitable for positive steering shall be marked appropriately. 9.3. Mounting plates for fifth wheel couplings shall be able to satisfy the tests described in annex 6, paragraph 3.8. 10. HOOK TYPE COUPLINGS 10.1. General requirements for Class K hook type couplings: 10.1.1. All Class K hook type couplings shall satisfy the tests given in annex 6, paragraph 3.5 and shall be suitable for the characteristic values given in Table 13 10.1.2. Class K hook type couplings shall have the dimensions given in Figure 19 and Table 12. Class K1 to K4 are non-automatic couplings for use only on trailers not exceeding 3,5 tonnes maximum permissible mass and Class KA1 to KA3 are automatic couplings. Figure 19 Dimensions and articulation of Class K hook type couplings Text von Bild 20o min 20o min C 40o 40o a L1 L3 L2 g e2 e1 e3 d2ø f 90o min 90o min 10.1.3. A hook type coupling shall only be used with a toroidal drawbar eye and when used with a Class L toroidal drawbar eye the Class K coupling shall have the degrees of articulation given in paragraph 10.2 of this annex. 10.1.4. A Class K hook type coupling shall be used with a toroidal eye giving a minimum clearance, or free movement, of 3 mm and a maximum clearance of 5 mm when new. Suitable drawbar eyes shall be declared by the coupling manufacturer on the Communication form shown in annex 1. 10.2. A Class K coupling when used with a Class L toroidal eye, but not fitted to a vehicle, shall have the following non-simultaneous angles of articulation — see also Figure 19: 10.2.1. ±90o horizontally about the vertical axis of the coupling; 10.2.2. ±40o vertically about the horizontal transverse axis of the coupling; 10.2.3. ±20o axial rotation about the horizontal longitudinal centre line of the coupling. 10.3. Automatic Class K hook type couplings shall have a jaw designed such that the drawbar eye is guided into the coupling. 10.4. Locking to prevent inadvertent uncoupling: In the closed position the coupling shall be locked by two positive mechanical engagement locking devices each of which shall remain effective should the other fail. The closed and locked position of the coupling shall be clearly indicated externally by a mechanical device. It shall be possible to verify the position of the indicator by feel, for example, in the dark. The mechanical indication device shall indicate the engagement of both locking devices (an AND condition). However, it is sufficient for the engagement of only one locking device to be indicated if, in this situation, engagement of the second locking device is an inherent feature of the design. 10.5. Hand levers Hand levers shall be of a design suitable for easy use with the end rounded off. The coupling shall not have any sharp edges or points of possible pinching near the hand lever which could result in injury during operation of the coupling. The force needed to release the coupling, measured without the drawbar eye, shall not exceed 250 N perpendicular to the hand lever along the line of operation. Table 12 Dimensions for Class K hook type couplings — see Figure 19 Class K1 K2 K3 K4 KA1 KA2 KA3 Remarks e1 83 83 120 120 140 160 ±0,5 e2 56 56 55 55 80 100 ±0,5 e3 90 ±0,5 d2 17 10,5 10,5 15 15 17 21 H13 c 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 min. f 130 175 175 180 180 200 200 max. g 100 100 100 120 120 140 200 max. a 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 ±1,6 - 0 L1 120 120 120 120 250 300 300 max. L2 74 74 63 74 90 90 90 max. L3 110 130 130 150 150 200 200 max. Table 13 Characteristic values for Class K hook type couplings Class K1 K2 K3 K4 KA1 KA2 KA3 D kN 17 20 20 25 70 100 130 Dc kN 17 20 54 70 90 S kg 120 120 200 250 700 900 1000 V kN 10 10 18 25 35 11. DEDICATED DRAWBAR TYPE COUPLINGS — CLASS T 11.1. Class T dedicated drawbar type couplings are intended for use on specific vehicle combinations, for example, car transporters. These vehicles have special structures and may need particular and unusual location of the coupling. 11.2. Class T couplings shall be restricted to use with centre axle trailers and this restriction shall be notified on the Communication form shown in annex 1. 11.3. Class T couplings shall be approved as a matched pair and it shall not be possible to separate the coupling other than in a workshop using tools which are not normally carried on the vehicle. 11.4. Class T couplings shall not be automatic in operation. 11.5. Class T couplings shall satisfy the relevant test requirements given in annex 6, paragraph 3.3., except paragraph 3.3.4. 11.6. The following minimum and simultaneous angles of articulation shall be possible with the coupling not fitted to a vehicle but assembled, and in the same normal position as when fitted to a vehicle; 11.6.1. ±90o horizontally about the vertical axis; 11.6.2. ±8o vertically about the horizontal transverse axis; 11.6.3. ±3o axial rotation about the horizontal longitudinal axis. 12. DEVICES FOR REMOTE INDICATION AND REMOTE CONTROL 12.1. General requirements Devices for remote indication and remote control are permitted only on automatic coupling devices of Classes C50-X and G50-X. Devices for remote indication and remote control shall not interfere with the minimum free movement of the coupled drawbar eye or coupled semitrailer. They shall be permanently fitted to the vehicle. All the devices for remote indication or remote control fall within the scope of testing and approval of the coupling device together with all parts of the operating devices and transmission devices. 12.2. Remote indication 12.2.1. For an automatic coupling procedure, remote indication devices shall indicate the closed and doubly locked position of the coupling in an optical manner according to paragraph 12.2.2. Additionally the open position may be indicated as in paragraph 12.2.3. The remote indication device shall be automatically activated and reset during every opening and closing of the coupling. 12.2.2. The change from the open to the closed and doubly locked position shall be indicated by a green optical signal. 12.2.3. If the open and/or unlocked position is indicated, a red optical signal shall be used. 12.2.4. In the case of indicating the completion of the automatic coupling procedure, the remote indicator shall ensure that the coupling pin has reached the doubly locked end position. 12.2.5. The appearance of any fault in the remote indication system shall not indicate a closed and locked position during the coupling procedure if the end position has not been reached. 12.2.6. The disengagement of one of the two locking devices shall cause the green optical signal to extinguish and the red optical signal (if fitted) to show. 12.2.7. The mechanical indicators fitted directly to the coupling device shall be retained. 12.2.8. In order to avoid distracting the driver during normal driving, there shall be a provision for switching off the remote indication device but this shall be automatically reactivated when the coupling is next opened and closed — see paragraph 12.2.1. 12.2.9. The operating controls and indicators of the remote indication devices shall be mounted within the driver's field of vision and be permanently and clearly identified. 12.3. Remote control 12.3.1. If a remote control device, as defined in paragraph 2.8 of this Regulation, is employed, there shall also be a remote indication device as described in paragraph 12.2 which shall at least indicate the open condition of the coupling. 12.3.2. There shall be a dedicated switch (i.e. master switch, lever or valve) to enable the coupling to be opened or closed by means of the remote control device. If this master switch is not located in the driving cab it shall not be in a position where it is freely accessible to unauthorised persons or it shall be lockable. The actual operation of the coupling from the driving cab may only be possible when inadvertent operation has been precluded, for example by an operation requiring the use of two hands. It shall be possible to ascertain whether opening of the coupling under remote control has been completed or not. 12.3.3. If remote control involves the coupling being opened by external force, the condition under which the external force acts on the coupling shall be indicated appropriately to the driver. This is not necessary if the external force is only operative while the remote control is operating. 12.3.4. If the actuating device for opening the coupling under remote control is mounted externally on the vehicle it shall be possible to oversee the area between the coupled vehicles, but it shall not be necessary, however, to enter this area in order to operate it. 12.3.5. Any single error in operation or the occurrence of any single fault in the system shall not result in accidental opening of the coupling during normal road use. Any faults in the system shall be indicated directly or be immediately obvious at the next operation e.g. by a malfunction. 12.3.6. In the event of a failure of the remote control it shall be possible, in an emergency, to open the coupling in at least one other way. If this requires the use of a tool then this shall be included in vehicle's tool kit. The requirements of paragraph 3.6 of this annex are not applicable to hand levers used exclusively for opening the coupling in an emergency. 12.3.7. The operating controls and indicators for the remote control devices shall be permanently and clearly identified. ANNEX 6 TESTING OF MECHANICAL COUPLING DEVICES OR COMPONENTS 1. GENERAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS 1.1. Samples of coupling devices shall be tested for both strength and function. Physical testing shall be carried out wherever possible but unless stated otherwise the type approval authority or technical service may waive a physical strength test if the simple design of a component makes a theoretical check possible. Theoretical checks may be carried out to determine worst case conditions. In all cases, theoretical checks shall ensure the same quality of results as with dynamic or static testing. In cases of doubt it is the results of physical testing that are overriding. See also paragraph 4.8 of this Regulation. 1.2. With coupling devices the strength shall be verified by a dynamic test (endurance test). In certain cases additional static tests may be necessary (see paragraph 3 of this annex). 1.3. The dynamic test shall be performed with approximately sinusoidal load (alternating and/or pulsating) with a number of stress cycles appropriate to the material. No cracks or fractures shall occur. 1.4. Only slight permanent deformation is permitted with the static tests prescribed. Unless stated otherwise the permanent, plastic, deformation after releasing shall not be more than 10 % of the maximum deformation measured during the test. In the case where measurement of deformation during the test puts the tester at risk then, provided that the same parameter is checked during other tests, such as the dynamic test, then this part of the static test may be omitted. 1.5. The loading assumptions in the dynamic tests are based on the horizontal force component in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the vertical force component. Horizontal force components transverse to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and moments, are not taken into account provided they are of only minor significance. If the design of the coupling device or its attachment to the vehicle or the attachment of additional systems (such as stabilisers, close coupling devices, etc.) generate additional forces or moments, additional tests may be required by the type approval authority or technical service. The horizontal force component in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is represented by a theoretically determined reference force, the D or Dc value. The vertical force component, where applicable, is represented by the static vertical bearing load, S, at the point of coupling and the assumed vertical load, V, or by the static vertical bearing load, U, in the case of fifth wheel couplings. 1.6. The characteristic values D, Dc, S, V and U, on which the tests are based and which are defined in paragraph 2.11. of this Regulation, shall be taken from the manufacturer's information given in the application for type approval — see communication form shown in annexes 1 and 2. 1.7. Any positive locking device, which is retained in position by spring force, shall remain in its secured position when subjected to a force applied in the least favourable direction and equivalent to three times the mass of the locking mechanism. 2. TEST PROCEDURES 2.1. For the dynamic tests and static tests, the sample shall be placed in a suitable rig with a means of force application, such that it is not subjected to any additional forces or moments apart from the specified test force. In the case of alternating tests, the direction of force application shall not deviate by more than ±1o from the specified direction. In the case of pulsating and static tests, the angle shall be set for the maximum test force. This will normally require a joint at the point of force application (i.e. the point of coupling) and a second joint an adequate distance away. 2.2. The test frequency shall not exceed 35 Hz. The selected frequency shall be well separated from resonance frequencies of the test set up in