{"id":14780,"date":"2023-11-20T13:53:36","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T12:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kanzlei-steinwachs.de\/derecho-laboral-colectivo\/"},"modified":"2023-12-04T13:53:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T12:53:04","slug":"derecho-laboral-colectivo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.kanzlei-steinwachs.de\/tr\/derecho-laboral-colectivo\/","title":{"rendered":"derecho laboral colectivo"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row triangle_shape=”no”][vc_column][vc_column_text]derecho laboral colectivo<\/b><\/p>\n

A. Operasyonlar\u0131n devri<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Faaliyetlerin devrine ili\u015fkin \u015fartlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir anlamda i\u015flem aktar\u0131m\u0131. \u00a7 613a BGB, uzun vadeli, yeterince yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ekonomik birimin kimli\u011finin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kimli\u011fin korunmas\u0131, maddi ve manevi i\u015fletme kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n transferinden kaynaklanabilece\u011fi gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda personelin, y\u00f6neticilerin transferinden ve i\u015f organizasyonu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemlerinin benimsenmesinden de kaynaklanabilir. \u00d6nemli olan t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131n genel bir de\u011ferlendirmesidir (bkz. i\u00e7tihat, yaln\u0131zca bkz. BAG 2 Aral\u0131k 1999 – 8 AZR 796\/98 –<\/em>). Bir i\u015fletme devri i\u00e7in, devralan\u0131n devredilen \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcretim fakt\u00f6rlerinin \u00f6zel organizasyonunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi gerekli de\u011fildir. \u00dcretim fakt\u00f6rlerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkisi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tamamlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flevsel ba\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yeterlidir. Sekizinci Senato, Avrupa Birli\u011fi Adalet Divan\u0131’n\u0131n 12 \u015eubat 2009 tarihli karar\u0131na (- C-466\/07 \u2013 [Klarenberg])<\/em> ili\u015fkin 17 Aral\u0131k 2010 (– 8 AZR 1019\/08 –<\/em>) tarihli karar\u0131yla bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. , wpcodeself) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir kez daha yineledi. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k olmas\u0131 durumunda Senato operasyonlar\u0131n devrini reddetti. Bir \u015firket kantininin yeni i\u015fletmeci taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca haz\u0131r yiyecekleri \u0131s\u0131tmak ve servis etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, yiyeceklerin daha \u00f6nce tesiste taze olarak pi\u015firilmesi durumunda \u00f6nceki \u015firket kimli\u011fi korunmaz. Yemek pi\u015firme hizmetlerinin geri \u00e7ekilmesi ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan temin edilmesi, operasyonlar\u0131n devri varsay\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fen bir konsept de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini temsil etmektedir. <\/p>\n

2. Toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin devam\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eirket sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayanan i\u015f ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7in bir toplu \u00fccret s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7erliyse, Alman Medeni Kanunu’nun (BGB) 613a Madde 1 F\u0131kra 1 C\u00fcmle 2 uyar\u0131nca i\u015f ili\u015fkisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi d\u00fczenlemeleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilere g\u00f6re yap\u0131labilir: D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato’nun 21 Nisan 2010 tarihli karar\u0131 (– 4 AZR 768\/08 –<\/em>), Alman Medeni Kanunu’nun (BGB) 613a Madde 1 F\u0131kra 3 C\u00fcmlesi uyar\u0131nca daha az elveri\u015fli bir i\u015fletme s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez. i\u015f al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131. Her hal\u00fckarda, toplu pazarl\u0131k standartlar\u0131n\u0131n bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yoluyla “\u00e7apraz de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi”, zorunlu ortak karar verme alan\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato bu nedenle Birinci ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato’nun i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmi\u015ftir. (bkz. BAG 6 Kas\u0131m 2007 \u2013 1 AZR 862\/06 -; 13 Kas\u0131m 2007 \u2013 3 AZR 191\/06 -). <\/em>Kararda ayr\u0131ca, BGB Madde 613a Paragraf 1 C\u00fcmle 2’ye g\u00f6re \u00f6nceden kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ancak daha sonra y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme standartlar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere g\u00f6re \u00f6nceki i\u00e7tihat hukukuna da ba\u011fl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015fletme al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u00e7eri\u011finin de bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelir (BAG 19 Eyl\u00fcl 2007 \u2013 4 AZR 711\/06 -)<\/em>. Bu nedenle, statik olarak ge\u00e7erli normlar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131nda var olan bir dinamik korunur. <\/p>\n

B. \u015eirket emeklilik plan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir destek fonunun t\u00fcz\u00fck ve y\u00f6nergelerine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a veya z\u0131mnen at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131 halinde, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato’nun 16 \u015eubat 2010 tarihli karar\u0131na (– 3 AZR 181\/08 –<\/em>) g\u00f6re, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bu d\u00fczenlemedeki tipik hari\u00e7 tutma nedeniyle bunu yapmas\u0131 gerekir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1b Paragraf 4 C\u00fcmle 1 uyar\u0131nca BetrAVG Yasal bir hak talebinde bulunulursa, her zaman emeklilik d\u00fczenlemelerinde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyin. Senato i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re, yasal talebin hari\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131, emeklilik talebinin objektif nedenlerle iptal edilebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir (bkz. BAG 10 Eyl\u00fcl 2002 – 3 AZR 635\/01 –<\/em>). Bu nedenle bir ihtiyat fonunun emeklilik y\u00f6netmeli\u011fine dinamik bir \u015fekilde at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131 bu anlamda \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de\u011fildir. \u00a7 305c paragraf 1 BGB. B\u00f6yle bir at\u0131f, BGB B\u00f6l\u00fcm 307 Paragraf 1 C\u00fcmle 2’nin \u015feffafl\u0131k \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ihlali nedeniyle etkisiz de\u011fildir. Ba\u015fka bir dizi d\u00fczenlemenin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dinamik bir \u015fekilde at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n eksikli\u011fine yol a\u00e7maz. \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru an\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan, at\u0131fta bulunulan d\u00fczenlemelerin belirlenebilmesi yeterlidir. Referans maddesinin d\u00fczenleyici i\u00e7eri\u011fi referansla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, madde B\u00f6l\u00fcm 307 Paragraf 3 C\u00fcmle 1 BGB uyar\u0131nca ba\u015fka bir i\u00e7erik kontrol\u00fcne tabi de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte, i\u015fverenin, bir yard\u0131m fonunun y\u00f6nergelerine dinamik bir referans yoluyla yararlan\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n emeklilik haklar\u0131n\u0131 etkileme kabiliyeti, faaliyette bulunan taraflar aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklik yoluyla de\u011fi\u015ftirme anla\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabidir.
\n(bkz. BAG 17 Kas\u0131m 2001 – 3 AZR 76\/92 -).<\/em> Bu nedenle kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklara m\u00fcdahaleler ancak orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ve me\u015fru beklentilerin korunmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n edindi\u011fi stat\u00fc ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyse, m\u00fcdahaleyi hakl\u0131 k\u0131lan neden de o kadar \u00f6nemli olmal\u0131d\u0131r (bkz. BAG 22 Aral\u0131k 2001 – 3 AZR 512\/00 -)<\/em> Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k, yaln\u0131zca s\u00fcreye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak gelecekteki art\u0131\u015flara bir m\u00fcdahaleydi. servisin. Senato, yeni d\u00fczenlemelerin bozulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin gerekli fiili ve orant\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7elerle onaylad\u0131. 18 May\u0131s 2010 tarihli bir kararla (– 3 AZR 80\/08 –<\/em>), \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato, memur emeklilik kanunu kapsam\u0131nda dul maa\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015firket emeklilik plan\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilebilmesi konusunu ele almak zorunda kald\u0131. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, izin verilen azami toplam gelirin hesaplanmas\u0131nda dul \u00f6dene\u011finin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Bu, BetrAVG B\u00f6l\u00fcm 5 Paragraf 1’i ihlal etmez. Standart, sigorta konusu olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden sonra lehdara ilk kez \u00f6denen emeklilik yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n alacak kaydedilmesini engellemez. Yaln\u0131zca, di\u011fer emeklilik \u00f6demelerinin ekonomik geli\u015fmelere uyarlanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, sigorta konusu olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda belirlenen \u015firket emeklilik yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar. Ayn\u0131 durum BetrAVG B\u00f6l\u00fcm 5 Paragraf 2 C\u00fcmle 1 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Y\u00f6netmelik, bu t\u00fcr emeklilik yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kendi katk\u0131lar\u0131yla elde etti\u011fi \u015firket emeklili\u011fine yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Devlet memuru emekli maa\u015flar\u0131ndan elde edilen gelirlerde durum b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 2 Paragraf 5 BetrAVG de konuyla ilgili de\u011fildir. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn amac\u0131 yaln\u0131zca, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir emeklilik hakk\u0131yla i\u015f ili\u015fkisini b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sonra ba\u015fka \u015fekilde elde edece\u011fi emeklilik yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n, kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f emeklilik hakk\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckenmesini \u00f6nlemektir. Dulluk yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015firket emeklili\u011fine yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, Anayasa’n\u0131n 6. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan evlili\u011fin ve ailenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmez. Ancak B\u00f6l\u00fcm 75 BetrVG bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak bunu gerektirir. Kredi kurallar\u0131n\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131nda Temel Kanun’un 3. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan e\u015fitlik ilkesi, bir yandan \u015firket emeklilik plan\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer yandan \u00fccretlendirme niteli\u011fini uygun bir dengeye getirmektir. Bu nedenle, \u015firket emeklilik yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda di\u011fer kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n orant\u0131s\u0131z ekonomik deval\u00fcasyonuna yol a\u00e7mamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015firketin ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Emeklilik Kanunu’ndaki yasal de\u011ferlendirme dikkate al\u0131narak, \u00f6l\u00fcm ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en az %20’si muhafaza edilmelidir. Tedarik y\u00f6nergeleri bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015farsa etkisizdir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato’nun 16 \u015eubat 2010 tarihli karar\u0131na g\u00f6re (- 3 AZR 216\/09 -)<\/em>, mavi yakal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131ndaki stat\u00fc fark\u0131, \u015firket emeklilik planlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir \u015firket s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde e\u015fit olmayan muameleyi hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Farkl\u0131 bir \u015fey ancak stat\u00fc fark\u0131n\u0131n \u015firket d\u00fczenlemelerinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen farkl\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lara katlanabilecek bir ya\u015fam ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda ge\u00e7erli olabilir. Bunun d\u00fczenlemenin amac\u0131na ve farkl\u0131la\u015fma nedenine g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi gerekir. Yasal emeklili\u011fin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerdeki provizyonlar, kendi i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n makul bir nedenidir. \u00d6nko\u015ful, bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k durumunda, bir yanda \u00fccretlilerin, di\u011fer yanda maa\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n oldu\u011fu gruplar\u0131n yeterince homojen olmas\u0131 ve grup \u00fcyelerinin genellikle benzer d\u00fczeyde yasal emeklilik maa\u015f\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca emeklilik d\u00fczenlemesindeki hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n, farkl\u0131 emeklilik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin telafisine uygun olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bir karar \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda Senato bunu reddetti. Buradaki emeklilik d\u00fczenlemeleri, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 y\u00fczde art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. \u0130\u015fyeri anayasas\u0131 kanunu kapsam\u0131nda e\u015fit muamele ilkesinin ihlali, dezavantajl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n en az\u0131ndan \u015firket emeklilik kanunu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cyukar\u0131 do\u011fru d\u00fczeltme\u201d hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bunu sadece eski i\u015fverenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda grup destek fonuna kar\u015f\u0131 da talep edebilirler. Ancak iddialar\u0131 1 Temmuz 1993’ten bu yana artan art\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. Son tarih, Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in ihbar s\u00fcrelerini uyumlu hale getirmesi i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi son tarihe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir (BVerfG 30 May\u0131s 1990 – 1 BvL 2\/83 –<\/em>). Bu son tarihten \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri i\u00e7in, \u015firketin taraflar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca \u015firket emeklilik kanunundaki stat\u00fcye dayal\u0131 olarak ayr\u0131m yapabildikleri ger\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00fcvenebilirlerdi. Do\u011fum izni s\u00fcrelerinin hak art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan hari\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131, TFEU’nun 157. maddesi veya Temel Kanun’un 3. maddesinin 2. ve 3. f\u0131kralar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda izin verilmeyen, cinsiyete dayal\u0131 dolayl\u0131 bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmemektedir.\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato bunu bir karar\u0131nda belirtmi\u015ftir. 20 Nisan 2010 tarihli (– 3 AZR 370\/08 –<\/em>) karar verildi. Fiili i\u015f performans\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ebeveyn izni s\u00fcrelerini dikkate almayan emeklilik d\u00fczenlemeleri, cinsiyete dayal\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla hi\u00e7bir ilgisi olmayan nesnel fakt\u00f6rlerle me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ebeveynlik izni s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f ili\u015fkisi yasayla ask\u0131ya al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu ask\u0131ya alma, nesnel olarak yaln\u0131zca \u00fccretlere de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015firket emeklilik planlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin harcamalara ili\u015fkin haklarda da bir azalmay\u0131 hakl\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma tabi s\u00fcreler olarak askerlik veya yedek hizmet s\u00fcrelerinin, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde i\u015f ili\u015fkisi de ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, kazan\u0131lan tutarda art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131, kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 dolayl\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmez. \u00d6zel i\u015fveren, ArbPlSchG h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun olarak, orada belirtilen ofislerde, askerlik veya kamu hizmeti s\u00fcresine ili\u015fkin katk\u0131 paylar\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00f6deme i\u00e7in kaydedebilir. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f ili\u015fkisinde farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 da sa\u011flar. Temel Kanun’un 6. Maddesinin 1. ve 2. F\u0131kralar\u0131 ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nan ailelere y\u00f6nelik asgari koruma, ayn\u0131 zamanda, haklar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015firket emeklilik planlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ebeveynlik s\u00fcrelerinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da gerektirmez. Benzer \u015fekilde, ikincil Birlik yasas\u0131 veya B\u00f6l\u00fcm 15 Paragraf 2 C\u00fcmle 6 BEEG veya B\u00f6l\u00fcm 15 Paragraf 2 C\u00fcmle 6 BErzGG, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle veya bu t\u00fcr s\u00fcrelerin hak sahipli\u011finde art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle \u00e7eli\u015fmez. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato’nun 20 Nisan 2010 tarihli karar\u0131na g\u00f6re (– 3 AZR 509\/08 –<\/em>), emeklilik vaadi, dul ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya dul ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hak kazanmay\u0131, evlili\u011fin i\u015ften ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce (gerekiyorsa erken) yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hale getirebilir. ili\u015fki haline geldi. <\/p>\n

Bu, BetrAVG B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1b Paragraf 1’in hak kazanma h\u00fckm\u00fcyle \u00e7eli\u015fmez. Bunun yerine, olas\u0131 yararlan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7evresi, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendisiyle zaten bir aile ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde olan hayatta kalan bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nacak \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenleme AGG’nin 7. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re de etkisiz de\u011fildir. Bir cinsiyetin d\u00fczenlemeden daha ciddi \u015fekilde etkilenece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan cinsiyete dayal\u0131 dolayl\u0131 bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca dolayl\u0131 ya\u015f ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Evlili\u011fin i\u015f ili\u015fkisinden ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi, \u015fu anlamda me\u015fru bir ama\u00e7la hakl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nmaktad\u0131r: B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3 Paragraf 2 AGG gerek\u00e7eli. Bu k\u0131s\u0131tlaman\u0131n amac\u0131, i\u015fverenin performans y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini i\u015f ili\u015fkisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda halihaz\u0131rda mevcut olan risklerle s\u0131n\u0131rlamakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenin, hayatta kalanlar\u0131n emekli maa\u015flar\u0131yla ilgili ek riskleri hesaplanabilir tutmak amac\u0131yla bunda me\u015fru menfaati vard\u0131r. 2000\/78\/EC say\u0131l\u0131 Direktifin 2. Maddesi de ihlal edilmemi\u015ftir. \u015eirket sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerinde ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine Avrupa yasalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda izin verilmektedir. Temel Kanunun 6. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 da ihlal edilmemi\u015ftir. K\u0131s\u0131tlama \u015fart\u0131, e\u015fler i\u00e7in, evlenmeseydi sahip olamayacaklar\u0131 bir dezavantaj yaratmamaktad\u0131r. Varl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinde iflas davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan bir i\u015fveren ile emeklilik taahh\u00fcd\u00fcne dayal\u0131 bir i\u015f ili\u015fkisi mevcutsa, iflas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar edinilen haklar, tabloya kaydedilmesi gereken salt aciz talepleridir. Emeklilik koruma derne\u011fi, do\u011frudan taahh\u00fctten kaynaklanan yasal olarak kaybedilemez haklardan sorumludur. \u0130flas konusu m\u00fclk i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olacak \u015fekilde aciz halinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam etmesi durumunda, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015ftan sonra malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aleyhine ba\u015fka haklar do\u011far. \u0130flas davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir i\u015fletme devri meydana gelirse, i\u015fletmeyi sat\u0131n alan ki\u015fi, devredilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara ili\u015fkin olarak yaln\u0131zca i\u015fletme devrinden sonraki d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan haklardan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda iflas i\u015flemlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi andan itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan haklardan da sorumludur. operasyonlar\u0131n devrine kadar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015fin devri sonucunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015f ili\u015fkisi al\u0131c\u0131ya devredilmezse, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato’nun 22 Aral\u0131k 2009 (– 3 AZR 814\/07 –<\/em>) tarihli karar\u0131na g\u00f6re iflas y\u00f6neticisi sorumludur. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca iflas davas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda edindi\u011fi haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in. \u0130flas y\u00f6neticisi bunu B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3 Paragraf 4 BetrAVG’nin ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda telafi edebilir. \u0130flas bor\u00e7lusunun i\u015finin kapat\u0131lmamas\u0131, al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan devam ettirilmesi bununla \u00e7eli\u015fmez. BetrAVG B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3 Paragraf 4’e g\u00f6re k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 hakk\u0131, iflas s\u00fcrecindeki bir \u015firketin tasfiyesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fczenleme fesihten korunmaya y\u00f6nelik olmay\u0131p sadece alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 korumaya hizmet etmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla operasyonlar\u0131n bu anlamda tamamen durmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu. \u0130flas eden \u015firketin kendisi art\u0131k herhangi bir ticari veya serbest faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fcyorsa norm ge\u00e7erlidir. Y\u00f6netmelik, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kapsaml\u0131\u201d haklara ili\u015fkin bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermemektedir. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda normun iflas politikas\u0131 amac\u0131na da ayk\u0131r\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda haks\u0131zl\u0131k olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilemez. \u00a7 315 BGB, iflas idarecisinin de\u011fi\u015ftirme yetkisine do\u011frudan veya benzer \u015fekilde uygulanmaz. <\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato i\u00e7tihad\u0131na g\u00f6re, i\u015fverenin iflas\u0131 halinde \u015firket emeklilik plan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin sigorta ili\u015fkisinden do\u011fan haklar\u0131n mirasa m\u0131 yoksa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana m\u0131 ait olaca\u011f\u0131, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n hala devam edip etmedi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n abonelik hakk\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesine izin verin. \u0130\u015fveren – B\u00f6l\u00fcm 159 VVG’nin yasal standard\u0131 uyar\u0131nca – sigortal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana yaln\u0131zca geri al\u0131nabilir bir abonelik hakk\u0131 verirse, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan haklar miras hakk\u0131na sahip olur. Ancak, kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fclemez olmas\u0131 durumunda, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan haklar art\u0131k ba\u015ftan itibaren i\u015fverenin mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ait de\u011fildir ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iflas masas\u0131na ait de\u011fildir. Aksine, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 47 InsO’ya g\u00f6re ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131na sahip olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana hak kazan\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015fveren, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana geri d\u00f6n\u00fclemez bir abonelik hakk\u0131 vermi\u015f ancak bunu belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda cayma \u00e7ekincesi ile sa\u011flam\u0131\u015fsa – buna “s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fclemez kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131” denir – bu, cayma kayd\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilip getirilmedi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.
\n Ancak o zaman sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131ndaki haklar kitlesel olarak kullan\u0131labilir hale gelir (bkz. yaln\u0131zca BAG 26 Haziran 1990 – 3 AZR 651\/88 -; 31 Temmuz 2007 – 3 AZR 446\/05 –<\/em>). \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato 15 Haziran 2010 tarihli bir kararla (– 3 AZR 334\/06 –<\/em>) bu i\u00e7tihad\u0131 daha da geli\u015ftirdi. Cayma hakk\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilip getirilmedi\u011fini tespit etmek amac\u0131yla sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yorumlan\u0131rken, \u015firket emeklilik hukuku de\u011ferlendirmelerinin de dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin amac\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana BetrAVG’ye dayal\u0131 tazminat taleplerini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, s\u00f6zle\u015fme taraflar\u0131 genel olarak \u015firket emeklilik hukuku kapsam\u0131nda ilgili olan\u0131 takip etmek istemektedir. Sigorta \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re fesih hakk\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n, \u015firket emeklilik h\u00fckm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 yasal olarak kaybedilemez nitelikte olmadan i\u015f ili\u015fkisinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda kullan\u0131labilirse, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam etmesi durumunda bir \u201ci\u015f ili\u015fkisinden ayr\u0131lma\u201d meydana gelmez. \u015eirketin ba\u015fka bir i\u015fverene devredilmesi nedeniyle feshedilir. Bu durumda, al\u0131c\u0131, Alman Medeni Kanunu’nun (BGB) 613a maddesi uyar\u0131nca emeklilik taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnden do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00fcstlendi\u011finden, i\u015f ili\u015fkisi \u015firket emeklilik kanunu kapsam\u0131nda da devam eder. Bir g\u00fcvenlik olay\u0131 durumunda, yasal aciz sigortas\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak emeklilik koruma derne\u011fi, BetrAVG’nin 7. Maddesinin 1. F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n 1. C\u00fcmlesi uyar\u0131nca yaln\u0131zca \u015firket emeklilik yard\u0131mlar\u0131ndan sorumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar, i\u015fverenin i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin bir sonucu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana vaat etti\u011fi ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k, maluliyet veya hayatta kalma yard\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. 16 Mart 2010 tarihli bir kararla (– 3 AZR 594\/09 –<\/em>), \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato, \u015firket emeklili\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fc kavram\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nceki i\u00e7tihad\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc (bkz. BAG 28 Ekim 2008 – 3 AZR 317\/07 –<\/em>). Buna g\u00f6re i\u015fverenin verdi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fcn emeklilik amac\u0131na hizmet etmesi ve fayda sa\u011flama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, s\u00f6z\u00fcn i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re BetrAVG’nin 1. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1. F\u0131kra 1. C\u00fcmlesinde belirtilen biyolojik bir olayla tetiklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ama\u00e7lanan hizmetin BetrAVG’de belirtilen biyometrik riski k\u0131smen \u00fcstlenmesi yeterlidir. Riskin \u00fcstlenilmesi bak\u0131m sa\u011flamaya hizmet etmelidir, ancak terimin geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekir; Sadece parasal faydalar de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda ayni ve kullan\u0131m faydalar\u0131 da kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u015firketin emeklilik plan\u0131 anlam\u0131nda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in belirleyicidir. BetrAVG, taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn verilme nedeni de\u011fil, hangi olay\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc tetikledi\u011fidir. \u0130lgili d\u00fczenlemelerin BetrAVG’nin kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 risklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer riskleri de kapsay\u0131p kapsamamas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi yoktur. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Ren-Vestfalya ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc madencili\u011fi end\u00fcstrisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na genel toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme uyar\u0131nca verilen s\u00f6zde ev yang\u0131n\u0131 ve onun yerine ge\u00e7en enerji s\u00fcbvansiyonu, ilgili y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmesi durumunda bir \u015firket emeklilik plan\u0131d\u0131r. Fayda sa\u011flamak toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayanmaktad\u0131r, bu da biyometrik risk anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. BetrAVG. \u015eirketten ayr\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n madenci emeklilik belgesi sahibi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ev itfaiye hizmeti veriliyorsa durum b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir. Ancak, SGB IV’\u00fcn 45. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n madenciler i\u00e7in emekli maa\u015f\u0131 almas\u0131 nedeniyle bu yard\u0131m\u0131n verilmesi durumunda durum farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Yasal d\u00fczenleme engellilik riskiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Ev yang\u0131n\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle d\u00fczenlenen bir alacak olmas\u0131 zararl\u0131 de\u011fildir. BetrAVG’nin amac\u0131na g\u00f6re bunlar ayn\u0131 zamanda B\u00f6l\u00fcm 7 Paragraf 1 C\u00fcmle 1 kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ancak, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma nedeniyle uyum yard\u0131mlar\u0131 almas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6denen bir \u015firket emeklili\u011fi, bir \u015firket emeklilik plan\u0131 de\u011fildir. BetrAVG’ye g\u00f6re emekli maa\u015f\u0131 i\u015fsizlik riskiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla biyometrik riskle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fildir. <\/p>\n

Birle\u015fme anla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re BetrAVG, emeklilik taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn 31 Aral\u0131k 1991’den sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda yeni federal eyaletlerde de ge\u00e7erlidir. Yararlan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n son ba\u015fvuru tarihinden sonra en az bir teyit edici yeni taahh\u00fct alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yeterlidir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato, \u00f6nceki i\u00e7tihat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek 19 Ocak 2010 tarihli bir kararla (- 3 AZR 660\/09 -)<\/em> buna karar verdi (bkz. BAG 19 Aral\u0131k 2000 – 3 AZR 451\/99 -)<\/em>. BetrAVG’nin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 durumunda iflas korumas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurallar da ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, BetrAVG’nin 7. Madde 2. F\u0131kra 2. C\u00fcmle 1 No. 2’sine g\u00f6re Emeklilik G\u00fcvencesi Derne\u011fi’nin (PSV<\/em>), kanunla d\u00fczenlenen ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda do\u011frudan sigortaya dayal\u0131, yasal olarak kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f emeklilik haklar\u0131ndan sorumlu olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bir orta\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015firkette \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 durumunda, iflas korumas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca emeklilik vaadinin i\u015f ili\u015fkisi “vesilesiyle” verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda mevcuttur. Bu, bireysel vakan\u0131n t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alan bir nedensellik testini gerektirir. Haklar\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken hizmet s\u00fcresi hesaplan\u0131rken, yaln\u0131zca i\u015f ili\u015fkisi s\u00fcreleri de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201c\u015firkette \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u201d anlam\u0131nda da dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 17 Paragraf 1 C\u00fcmle 2 BetrAVG dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nemli olan ilgili faaliyetin tek ve ayn\u0131 \u015firket i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fu Almanya yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir zanaat \u00fcretim kooperatifinde \u00fcyelik ili\u015fkisine dayanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri de hizmet s\u00fcresine dahil edilir. BetrAVG’nin 7. Maddesinin 5. F\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, PSV’nin kat\u0131lma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131ran sigortan\u0131n suiistimali, yaln\u0131zca emeklilik maa\u015f\u0131 almaya hak kazanan ki\u015finin suiistimal edici tedbire dahil olmas\u0131 ve en az\u0131ndan tedbirin onaylanmayan amac\u0131n\u0131 fark edebilmesi durumunda meydana gelir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla sigorta \u015firketine bor\u00e7 verilmesi bunun g\u00f6stergesi de\u011fildir. Ancak, yasal olarak kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f emeklilik hakk\u0131na sahip bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n, iflas davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce \u015firketten ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sigorta \u015firketine kar\u015f\u0131 olan taleplerinin, onun ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ve \u00f6nceki i\u015fvereninin iflas\u0131ndan etkilenmemesi durumunda, PSV’nin sorumluluk \u00fcstlenmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 7 Paragraf 2 C\u00fcmle 1 No. 2’deki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 BetrAVG B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1b Paragraf 2 C\u00fcmle 3’te d\u00fczenlenen ko\u015fullara ek olarak Senato, do\u011frudan sigortadan do\u011fan haklara zarar gelmesi durumunda PSV’nin de sorumlu olabilece\u011fi konusunu a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

C. Mesleki e\u011fitim<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Senato’nun 27 Temmuz 2010 tarihli karar\u0131na g\u00f6re (- 3 AZR 317\/08 -)<\/em>, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir e\u011fitim mesle\u011finde e\u011fitimin genel olarak bir mesleki e\u011fitim ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. \u00a7\u00a7 10 ff.BBiG ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir. Bu, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4 Paragraf 2 BBiG’den kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 45, Paragraf 2 BBiG’nin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, e\u011fitim i\u00e7in gerekli bilgi ve beceriler bir i\u015f ili\u015fkisinde de edinilebilir. Bununla birlikte, s\u00f6zle\u015fme taraflar\u0131n\u0131n B\u00f6l\u00fcm 26 BBiG’ye uygun olarak ba\u015fka bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisi akdetmesi halinde – \u00f6rne\u011fin bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k durumunda “e\u011fitim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi” – bu, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 134 BGB ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak uygundur. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4 Paragraf 2 BBiG tamamen ge\u00e7ersizdir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi, \u201ce\u011fitim ili\u015fkisinin\u201d en az\u0131ndan uygulama s\u00fcresi boyunca kusurlu (fiili)<\/em> i\u015f ili\u015fkilerine ili\u015fkin kurallara uygun olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Etkili bir \u00fccret s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bulunmamas\u0131 durumunda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re ola\u011fan \u00fccret alma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u00a7 612 Paragraf 2 BGB. Boyama ve vernikleme alan\u0131nda, boya ve vernikleme ticaretinde ticari \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in asgari \u00fccreti (TV asgari \u00fccreti)<\/em> d\u00fczenleyen toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanan \u00fccrettir. 31 A\u011fustos 2005 tarihli Boya ve Cila Ticaretinde Zorunlu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u015eartlar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u00f6netmelik ile TV asgari \u00fccreti kapsam\u0131na giren t\u00fcm istihdam ili\u015fkilerini kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mesleki kapsam\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda fiilen uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplu uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrelerinin her zaman toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye dayal\u0131 ola\u011fan \u00fccretin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u00a7 612 Paragraf 2 BGB orada durabilir. Senato’nun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re bu durum, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme standartlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi en az\u0131ndan TV asgari \u00fccretinde d\u00fczenlenen hari\u00e7 tutma s\u00fcreleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. <\/p>\n

D. Rakip davas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Temel Kanun’un 33. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re her Alman, uygunlu\u011funa, niteliklerine ve mesleki performans\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak her kamu g\u00f6revine e\u015fit eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, temel haklara e\u015fde\u011fer olarak, ba\u015fvuru sahiplerinin se\u00e7imine hukuki hata olmaks\u0131z\u0131n dahil edilme ve bu se\u00e7imin Temel Kanun’un 33. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen se\u00e7im kriterlerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir (BAG 23 Ocak 2007 – 9 AZR 492\/06 –<\/em>). \u0130lan edilen pozisyonu yaln\u0131zca en uygun ba\u015fvuru sahibi doldurma hakk\u0131na sahiptir (BAG 21 Ocak 2003 – 9 AZR 72\/02 –<\/em>). Kamu i\u015fvereninin ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun bir nedenden dolay\u0131 i\u015fe yerle\u015ftirme i\u015flemini iptal etmesi durumunda bu haklar kaybedilir (BAG 24 Mart 2009 – 9 AZR 277\/08<\/em> -). Bu i\u00e7tihad\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Dokuzuncu Senato 17 A\u011fustos 2010 tarihli karar\u0131yla (- 9 AZR 347\/09 -) <\/em>Mahkemenin beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fverene karar verme s\u00fcrecini yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmesi i\u00e7in me\u015fru sebep vermesi ko\u015fuluyla, mahkemenin se\u00e7im karar\u0131na itiraz\u0131n\u0131n genel olarak se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinin iptal edilmesi i\u00e7in objektif bir gerek\u00e7e te\u015fkil etti\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir. Senato, bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k durumunda bu gereklilikleri onaylad\u0131. \u0130htiyati tedbir davas\u0131nda Devlet \u0130\u015f Mahkemesi, i\u015fverenin 33. maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini ihlal etti\u011finden \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu. Temel Kanun’un 19. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan performans de\u011ferlendirmeleri ve esas se\u00e7im hususlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlal edilmi\u015ftir. Belgelendirme gereklili\u011fine uyum, bir rakibin \u015fikayeti durumunda etkili yasal korumay\u0131 anayasal olarak garanti alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in zorunlu bir \u00f6n ko\u015fuldur. Bunun ihlali, i\u015fverene se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecini sonland\u0131rma hakk\u0131 veren telafisi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan bir usul kusuru te\u015fkil eder. Kaynak: www.bundesarbeitsgericht.dec <\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row triangle_shape=”no”][vc_column][vc_column_text]derecho laboral colectivo A. Operasyonlar\u0131n devri 1. Faaliyetlerin devrine ili\u015fkin \u015fartlar Bir anlamda i\u015flem aktar\u0131m\u0131. \u00a7 613a BGB, uzun vadeli, yeterince yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ekonomik birimin kimli\u011finin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kimli\u011fin korunmas\u0131, maddi ve manevi i\u015fletme kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n transferinden kaynaklanabilece\u011fi gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda personelin, y\u00f6neticilerin transferinden ve i\u015f organizasyonu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemlerinin benimsenmesinden de kaynaklanabilir. \u00d6nemli olan t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131n genel bir de\u011ferlendirmesidir (bkz. i\u00e7tihat, yaln\u0131zca bkz. BAG 2 Aral\u0131k 1999 – 8 AZR 796\/98 –). Bir i\u015fletme devri i\u00e7in, devralan\u0131n devredilen \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcretim fakt\u00f6rlerinin \u00f6zel organizasyonunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi gerekli de\u011fildir. \u00dcretim fakt\u00f6rlerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkisi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tamamlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flevsel ba\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15787,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14780","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nRechtsanwaltskanzlei in Hamburg Berlin Bremen Hannover L\u00fcbeck<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rechtsanwaltskanzlei f\u00fcr Arbeitsrecht, Arzthaftung, Mietrecht, Gewerbemietrecht ,Gastronomierecht, Immobilienrecht, Schadensersatz Yachtrecht\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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